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Taking Care of Your Behavioral Health:

TIPS FOR SOCIAL DISTANCING, QUARANTINE, AND ISOLATION DURING AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK

What Is Social Distancing?

Social distancing is a way to keep people from interacting closely or frequently enough to spread an infectious disease. Schools and other gathering places such as movie theaters may close, and sports events and religious services may be cancelled.

What Is Quarantine?

Quarantine separates and restricts the movement of people who have been exposed to a contagious disease to see if they become sick. It lasts long enough to ensure the person has not contracted

within the country get sick with highly contagious diseases that have the potential to develop into outbreaks or pandemics.

This tip sheet describes feelings and thoughts you may have during and after social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. It also suggests ways to care for your behavioral health during these
experiences and provides resources for more help.

What To Expect: Typical Reactions

Everyone reacts differently to stressful situations such as an infectious disease outbreak that requires social distancing, quarantine, or isolation. People may feel:

an infectious disease.	ƒAnxiety, worry, or fear related to:

What Is Isolation?

Isolation prevents the spread of an infectious disease by separating people who are sick from those who are not. It lasts as long as the disease is contagious.

Introduction

In the event of an infectious disease outbreak, local officials may require the public to take measures to limit and control the spread of the disease. This tip sheet provides information about social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. The government has the right to enforce federal and state laws related to public health if people

ƒYour own health status

ƒThe health status of others whom you may have exposed to the disease

ƒThe resentment that your friends and family may feel if they need to go into quarantine as a result of contact with you

ƒThe experience of monitoring yourself, or being monitored by others for signs and symptoms of the disease

ƒTime taken off from work and the potential loss of income and job security

ƒThe challenges of securing things you need, such as groceries and personal care items

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TAKING CARE OF YOUR BEHAVIORAL HEALTH:

TIPS FOR SOCIAL DISTANCING, QUARANTINE, AND ISOLATION DURING AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK

ƒConcern about being able to effectively care for children or others in your care

ƒUncertainty or frustration about how long you will need to remain in this situation, and uncertainty about the future

ƒLoneliness associated with feeling cut off from the world and from loved ones

ƒAnger if you think you were exposed to the disease because of others’ negligence

ƒStay up to date on what is happening, while limiting your media exposure. Avoid watching or listening to news reports 24/7 since this tends to increase anxiety and worry. Remember that children are especially affected by what they hear and see on television.

ƒLook to credible sources for information on the infectious disease outbreak (see page 3 for sources of reliable outbreak-related information).

ƒBoredom and frustration because you may not be able to work or engage in regular day-to-day activities

ƒUncertainty or ambivalence about the situation

ƒA desire to use alcohol or drugs to cope

BE YOUR OWN ADVOCATE

Speaking out about your needs is particularly important if you are in quarantine, since you may not be in a hospital or other facility where your basic needs are met. Ensure you have what you need to feel safe, secure, and comfortable.

ƒSymptoms of depression, such as feelings of hopelessness, changes in appetite, or sleeping too little or too much

ƒSymptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), such as intrusive distressing memories, flashbacks (reliving the event), nightmares, changes in thoughts and mood, and being easily startled

ƒWork with local, state, or national health officials to find out how you can arrange for groceries and toiletries to be delivered to your home as needed.

ƒInform health care providers or health authorities of any needed medications and work with them to ensure that you continue to receive those medications.

If you or a loved one experience any of these reactions for 2 to 4 weeks or more, contact your health care provider or one of the resources at the end of this tip sheet.

Ways To Support Yourself During Social Distancing, Quarantine, and Isolation

UNDERSTAND THE RISK

Consider the real risk of harm to yourself and others around you. The public perception of risk during a situation such as an infectious disease outbreak is often inaccurate. Media coverage may create the impression that people are in immediate danger when really the risk for infection may be very low. Take steps to get the facts:

EDUCATE YOURSELF

Health care providers and health authorities should provide information on the disease, its diagnosis, and treatment.

ƒDo not be afraid to ask questions—clear communication with a health care provider may help reduce any distress associated with social distancing, quarantine, or isolation.

ƒAsk for written information when available.

ƒAsk a family member or friend to obtain information in the event that you are unable to secure this information on your own.

WORK WITH YOUR EMPLOYER TO REDUCE FINANCIAL STRESS

If you’re unable to work during this time, you may experience stress related to your job status or financial situation.

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TAKING CARE OF YOUR BEHAVIORAL HEALTH:

TIPS FOR SOCIAL DISTANCING, QUARANTINE, AND ISOLATION DURING AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK

ƒProvide your employer with a clear explanation of why you are away from work.

ƒContact the U.S. Department of Labor toll-free at 1-866-4USWAGE (1-866-487-9243) about the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), which allows U.S. employees up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for serious medical conditions, or to care for a family member with a serious medical condition.

ƒContact your utility providers, cable and Internet provider, and other companies from whom you get monthly bills to explain your situation and request alternative bill payment arrangements as needed.

Sources for Reliable Outbreak-Related Information

ƒIf approved by health authorities and your health care providers, arrange for your friends and loved ones to bring you newspapers, movies, and books.

ƒSign up for emergency alerts via text or email to ensure you get updates as soon as they are available.

ƒCall SAMHSA’s free 24-hour Disaster Distress Helpline at 1-800-985-5990, if you feel lonely or need support.

ƒUse the Internet, radio, and television to keep up with local, national, and world events.

ƒIf you need to connect with someone because of an ongoing alcohol or drug problem, consider calling your local Alcoholics Anonymous or Narcotics Anonymous offices.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1600 Clifton Road
Atlanta, GA 30329-4027

1-800-CDC-INFO (1-800-232-4636) http://www.cdc.gov

World Health Organization
Regional Office for the Americas of the World Health Organization

TALK TO YOUR DOCTOR

If you are in a medical facility, you may have access to health care providers who can answer your questions. However, if you are quarantined at home, and you’re worried about physical symptoms you or your loved ones may be experiencing, call your doctor or other health care provider:

525 23rd Street, NW Washington, DC 20037 202-974-3000 http://www.who.int/en

ƒAsk your provider whether it would be possible to schedule remote appointments via Skype or FaceTime for mental health, substance use, or physical health needs.

CONNECT WITH OTHERS

Reaching out to people you trust is one of the best ways to reduce anxiety, depression,
loneliness, and boredom during social distancing, quarantine, and isolation. You can:

ƒUse the telephone, email, text messaging, and social media to connect with friends, family, and others.

ƒTalk “face to face” with friends and loved ones using Skype or FaceTime.

ƒIn the event that your doctor is unavailable and you are feeling stressed or are in crisis, call
the hotline numbers listed at the end of this tip sheet for support.

USE PRACTICAL WAYS TO COPE AND RELAX

ƒRelax your body often by doing things that work for you—take deep breaths, stretch, meditate or pray, or engage in activities you enjoy.

ƒPace yourself between stressful activities, and do something fun after a hard task.

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TAKING CARE OF YOUR BEHAVIORAL HEALTH:

TIPS FOR SOCIAL DISTANCING, QUARANTINE, AND ISOLATION DURING AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE OUTBREAK

ƒTalk about your experiences and feelings to

loved ones and friends, if you find it helpful.	Helpful Resources

ƒMaintain a sense of hope and positive thinking; consider keeping a journal where you write down things you are grateful for or that are going well.

After Social Distancing, Quarantine, or Isolation

You may experience mixed emotions, including a sense of relief. If you were isolated because you had the illness, you may feel sadness or anger because friends and loved ones may have unfounded fears of contracting the disease from contact with you, even though you have been determined not to be contagious.

The best way to end this common fear is to learn about the disease and the actual risk to others. Sharing this information will often calm fears in others and allow you to reconnect with them.

If you or your loved ones experience symptoms of extreme stress—such as trouble sleeping, problems with eating too much or too little, inability to carry out routine daily activities, or using drugs or alcohol to cope—speak to a health care provider or call one of the hotlines listed to the right for a referral.

If you are feeling overwhelmed with emotions such as sadness, depression, anxiety, or feel like you want to harm yourself or someone else, call 911 or the National Suicide Prevention
Lifeline at 1-800-273-TALK (1-800-273-8255).

Hotlines

SAMHSA’s Disaster Distress Helpline

Toll-Free: 1-800-985-5990 (English and español) SMS: Text TalkWithUs to 66746
SMS (español): “Hablanos” al 66746 TTY: 1-800-846-8517
Website (English): http://www.disasterdistress.samhsa.gov Website (español): http://www.disasterdistress.samhsa.gov/ espanol.aspx

SAMHSA’s National Helpline

Toll-Free: 1-800-662-HELP (24/7/365 Treatment Referral Information Service in English and español)
Website: http://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/national-helpline

National Suicide Prevention Lifeline

Toll-Free (English): 1-800-273-TALK (8255) Toll-Free (español): 1-888-628-9454
TTY: 1-800-799-4TTY (4889)

Website (English): http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org Website (español): http://www.suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ gethelp/spanish.aspx

Treatment Locator

Behavioral Health Treatment Services Locator Website: http://findtreatment.samhsa.gov/locator/home

SAMHSA Disaster Technical Assistance Center

Toll-Free: 1-800-308-3515 Email: DTAC@samhsa.hhs.gov
Website: http://www.samhsa.gov/dtac

*Note: Inclusion or mention of a resource in this fact sheet does not imply endorsement by the Center for Mental Health Services, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, or the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.

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HHS Publication No. SMA-14-4894 (2014)

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